Linux OS - info, how-to, pitanja, novosti, savjeti, problemi...

[Piksa]

Složio sam na kompu dual boot iz prve.
Na laptopu sam već neke stvari isprobavao, tipa Bottle. Autocad 2015 definitivno ne radi, noviju verziju ću možda na kompu probat.
Bricscad koji je podržan na Linuxu radi bez problema, njega mogu koristit legalno s licencom koju imam, samo moram deaktivirat licencu na Windowsima, a to se može neograničeno mnogo puta.
Na forumu Radimpexa za Armcad koji mi je neophodan za posao se javio neko od devova i objasnio da nemaju u planu u skoroj budućnosti prebacivat Armcad na Linux, tako da posao na duže staze neće ići na Linuxu na žalost.
Ali ima još dosta toga kaj ću isprobat s vremenom. Na ovom kompu iz potpisa sam instalirao Linux na novi NVMe disk od 512GB. Imam još jedan komp na vikendici gdje imam unutra prazan SATA SSD od 256GB, taj komp ću više koristit kad se preselim tamo trajno za 6 mjeseci.
Uglavnom mixed emotions, ali dok me zabavlja dobro je.

[strikoo]

digni vm win10 ltsc u virtualbox recimo na linux hostu

https://www.virtualbox.org/

ukljuci 3d akceleraciju i isprobaj te aplikacije koje ti trebaju.

[tomek@vz]

Multiple benchmarks have shown that Windows games can sometimes run better on Linux through a compatibility layer, but that advantage often hinges on how well a game or hardware platform is tuned for Linux. New benchmarks meant to mirror Steam Machine-level hardware and mainstream gaming PCs reveal that Linux's biggest gains still come on systems with integrated graphics, while improvements on machines with dedicated GPUs remain uneven. Even so, the results paint an increasingly encouraging picture for Linux gaming overall, and for Valve's ambitions in the space.
Recent benchmarks from Ars Technica show that SteamOS' performance advantage over Windows 11 largely evaporates and sometimes reverses on devices with discrete graphics. Moreover, Valve's Linux distro and compatibility layer appear to worsen performance issues on GPUs with just 8GB of VRAM.

> Benchmarks show Windows can still outperform SteamOS on dedicated GPUs

[Ivo_Strojnica]

WinBoat mi je odlično alternativno rješenje, iako ima par svojih mušica, no jednom kad ih ispeglaš, radi tipi topi.

[tomek@vz]

The HDMI Forum, responsible for the HDMI specification, continues to stonewall open source. Valve's Steam Machine theoretically supports HDMI 2.1, but the mini-PC is software-limited to HDMI 2.0. As a result, more than 60 frames per second at 4K resolution are only possible with limitations.

In a statement to Ars Technica, a Valve spokesperson confirmed that HDMI 2.1 support is "still a work-in-progress on the software side." "We’ve been working on trying to unblock things there."

The Steam Machine uses an AMD Ryzen APU with a Radeon graphics unit. Valve strictly adheres to open-source drivers, but the HDMI Forum is unwilling to disclose the 2.1 specification. According to Valve, they have validated the HDMI 2.1 hardware under Windows to ensure basic functionality.

> Valve: HDMI Forum Continues to Block HDMI 2.1 for Linux

[Dule]

Autor tomek@vz

> Valve: HDMI Forum Continues to Block HDMI 2.1 for Linux

Zanimljivo da na nvidia-open driverima kod mene 4k 240Hz radi bez problema na HDMI 2.1

[tomek@vz]

Autor Dule

Zanimljivo da na nvidia-open driverima kod mene 4k 240Hz radi bez problema na HDMI 2.1

Nvidia firmware. Zato Sad kolko je sam firmware open-source ili ne - nemam pojma.

[Neo-ST]

Dajte čovjeku .exe, šta ga je*ete

[tomek@vz]

Autor Neo-ST

Dajte čovjeku .exe, šta ga je*ete

LoLz...

[xlr]

Neki dan saznao za mogućnost splitanja Intel iGPU-a unutar Proxmoxa tako da se iGPU može dodijeliti u dva ili više VM/LXC-a - i pritom zadržati host video output za potrebe debuginga!

To support split iGPU so that you can still access the physical host console while passing it through to the VM you will need either:
I915 VT-G if you have a 6th to 10th gen CPU
I915 SR-IOV if you have 12th gen CPU and above
If you have 11th gen CPU then you are out of luck as it doesn't support either.

6th - 10th gen CPU može "samo" splitati iGPU i dodijeliti je u dva VM/LXC-a.
Ovi noviji Inteli koliko vidim mogu kreirati 8 iGPU instanci.

Kako imam 10th gen CPU, samo sam splitao iGPU i jednu instancu dodijelio VM-u (Debian, za potrebe Dockera), a drugu passtruao u LXC kontejner (Plex). S ovom konfiguracijom i dalje imam host video output što nije loše zlu ne trebalo.

PVE 9.1.2

Par linkova koji su mi pomogli:
https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/me...f-igpu.157811/
https://3os.org/infrastructure/proxm...t-passthrough/

[tomek@vz]

Generative AI systems are changing the way people interact with computers. MCP (model context protocol) is a way that enables generate AI systems to run commands and use tools to enable live, conversational interaction with systems. Using the new linux-mcp-server, let’s walk through how you can talk with your Fedora system for understanding your system and getting help troubleshooting it!

↫ Máirín Duffy and Brian Smith at Fedora Magazine

Dakle...prvo sto treba napraviti nakon instalacije OS-a je deinstalacija linux-mcp-server RPM paketa. Check.

[The Exiled]

Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS released with new COSMIC desktop

[Dule]

Autor Neo-ST

Uz dobru pripremu i zaštitu mu ne treba vađenje.

Evo danas jedan za*eb sa dualbootom.

Imam 1GB EFI particiju sa systemd-boot i par EFI fileova na disku nvme0 gdje se nalazi Linux.

Idem staviti Windows 10 na neformatirani disk nvme1, i što su Windowsi napravili, fino nakeljili svoj EFI file na nvme0 EFI particiju (\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\...), tako da UEFI više ne vidi Linux sa nvme0 nego samo Windows.

Ništa, live usb boot linux, mount nvme0 EFI, pobrišem \EFI\Microsoft\, Linux opet radi.

Malo googlam i nađem¹ da ako se maknu boot i efi flagovi sa nvme0 EFI particije kroz gparted (type postane msftdata), Windows neće smatrati tu particiju EFI particijom i napravit će svoju na nvme1 disku. I tako je i bilo. UEFI boot i dalje normalno radi i bez tih flagova.

Pa evo ako netko želi instalirati Windows nakon Linuxa na drugi disk ovo je alternativa vađenju.

[1] https://www.reddit.com/r/linuxmint/c..._changing_efi/

[Neo-ST]

Autor Dule

Evo danas jedan za*eb sa dualbootom.

Imam 1GB EFI particiju sa systemd-boot i par EFI fileova na disku nvme0 gdje se nalazi Linux.

Idem staviti Windows 10 na neformatirani disk nvme1, i što su Windowsi napravili, fino nakeljili svoj EFI file na nvme0 EFI particiju (\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\...), tako da UEFI više ne vidi Linux sa nvme0 nego samo Windows.

Ništa, live usb boot linux, mount nvme0 EFI, pobrišem \EFI\Microsoft\, Linux opet radi.

Malo googlam i nađem¹ da ako se maknu boot i efi flagovi sa nvme0 EFI particije kroz gparted (type postane msftdata), Windows neće smatrati tu particiju EFI particijom i napravit će svoju na nvme1 disku. I tako je i bilo. UEFI boot i dalje normalno radi i bez tih flagova.

Pa evo ako netko želi instalirati Windows nakon Linuxa na drugi disk ovo je alternativa vađenju.

[1] https://www.reddit.com/r/linuxmint/c..._changing_efi/

Odlično, doduše neke ploče možda nude već u BIOSU gašenje određenih m.2 slotova pa u tom slučaju i ne treba fizičko vađenje.

[xlr]

Zakleo bih se da sam u ovoj temi procitao, ali kad je kolega Piksa pitao nisam to uspio naci i linkati, da kod dualboota nije problem instalirati Linux nakon Windowsa. Problem uvijek stvore Windowsi nakon Linuxa. Nesto u tom stilu, kao, Windowsi su jos uvijek preglupi za non-Windows dualboot i vole pregaziti stvari... Ili sam nesto jako krivo zapamtio :|

[dadoremix]

to se zna zadnjih 20 godina


linux smart
windows gazda i jedini bog

[tomek@vz]

Autor Dule

Evo danas jedan za*eb sa dualbootom.

Imam 1GB EFI particiju sa systemd-boot i par EFI fileova na disku nvme0 gdje se nalazi Linux.

Idem staviti Windows 10 na neformatirani disk nvme1, i što su Windowsi napravili, fino nakeljili svoj EFI file na nvme0 EFI particiju (\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\...), tako da UEFI više ne vidi Linux sa nvme0 nego samo Windows.

Ništa, live usb boot linux, mount nvme0 EFI, pobrišem \EFI\Microsoft\, Linux opet radi.

Malo googlam i nađemą da ako se maknu boot i efi flagovi sa nvme0 EFI particije kroz gparted (type postane msftdata), Windows neće smatrati tu particiju EFI particijom i napravit će svoju na nvme1 disku. I tako je i bilo. UEFI boot i dalje normalno radi i bez tih flagova.

Pa evo ako netko želi instalirati Windows nakon Linuxa na drugi disk ovo je alternativa vađenju.

[1] https://www.reddit.com/r/linuxmint/c..._changing_efi/

Vecinom moras samo prebaciti u BIOS-u sto zelis bootat (Linux) i mir. Samo se redoslijed u BIOS-u izmjeni. Instalirao sam 1000 puta Win 7/10/11 u UEFI modu nakon sto je Linux bio gore , iskoristio postojecu EFI particiju i nikad al ama bas nikad problema.

[Dule]

Autor tomek@vz

Vecinom moras samo prebaciti u BIOS-u sto zelis bootat (Linux) i mir. Samo se redoslijed u BIOS-u izmjeni. Instalirao sam 1000 puta Win 7/10/11 u UEFI modu nakon sto je Linux bio gore , iskoristio postojecu EFI particiju i nikad al ama bas nikad problema.

Ha ovisi kakav si točno setup imao. Windowsi će se uvijek uguziti u prvu EFI particiju koju nađu. Ako već imaš Linux i instaliraš Windowse, i disk na kojem je Linux je detektiran od strane Windowsa kao prvi, Windowsi će ubaciti svoj EFI file u particiju na prvom disku, a ne u onaj na koji instaliraš Windowse. Jedini način da to spriječiš je da fizički izvadiš disk ili da makneš boot/efi flagove EFI particiji da je Windows više ne prepoznaje.

Ja sam htio ovakav setup da mogu jednostavno image izraditi i vaditi diskove po volji:
nvme0 (Linux, EFI particija sa systemd-boot i EFI fileovima za 2 kernela)
nvme1 (Windows, EFI particija sa windows bootloaderom)

[tomek@vz]

Autor Dule

Ha ovisi kakav si točno setup imao. Windowsi će se uvijek uguziti u prvu EFI particiju koju nađu. Ako već imaš Linux i instaliraš Windowse, i disk na kojem je Linux je detektiran od strane Windowsa kao prvi, Windowsi će ubaciti svoj EFI file u particiju na prvom disku, a ne u onaj na koji instaliraš Windowse. Jedini način da to spriječiš je da fizički izvadiš disk ili da makneš boot/efi flagove EFI particiji da je Windows više ne prepoznaje.

Ja sam htio ovakav setup da mogu jednostavno image izraditi i vaditi diskove po volji:
nvme0 (Linux, EFI particija sa systemd-boot i EFI fileovima za 2 kernela)
nvme1 (Windows, EFI particija sa windows bootloaderom)

Pa to i želim. Dakle jedna EFI particija za sve OS-eve. On samo doda svoj entry u Microsoft folderu i to je to. Nikad se nije desilo da izbrise postojece.

[Dule]

Autor tomek@vz

Pa to i želim. Dakle jedna EFI particija za sve OS-eve. On samo doda svoj entry u Microsoft folderu i to je to. Nikad se nije desilo da izbrise postojece.

Pa to je ok ako imaš zajedničku EFI particiju za sve. Ja pričam o slučaju kad želim odvojene EFI particije, svaka na svom disku, zasebno za Windows i Linux.

[tomek@vz]

Autor Dule

Pa to je ok ako imaš zajedničku EFI particiju za sve. Ja pričam o slučaju kad želim odvojene EFI particije, svaka na svom disku, zasebno za Windows i Linux.

Nope to nejde

[tomek@vz]

It turns out earlier this year Intel archived the SynapseAI Core open-source code and is no longer maintained by Intel. The open-source Synapse AI Core GitHub repository was archived in February and README updated with: "This project will no longer be maintained by Intel. Intel has ceased development and contributions including, but not limited to, maintenance, bug fixes, new releases, or updates, to this project. Intel no longer accepts patches to this project. If you have an ongoing need to use this project, are interested in independently developing it, or would like to maintain patches for the open source software community, please create your own fork of this project."

> Intel Quietly Discontinues Its Open-Source User-Space Gaudi Driver Code

Newer Lenovo ThinkPads are adding the ability to detect and report varying degrees of hardware damage. The Lenovo ThinkPad ACPI driver for Linux is being adapted for being able to communicate said hardware damage to user-space Linux software.

It turns out newer ThinkPads will begin communicating detected hardware damage that can then be parsed by the OS. A new patch to Lenovo's ThinkPad ACPI open-source driver explains:
"Thinkpads are adding the ability to detect and report hardware damage status. Add new sysfs interface to identify whether hardware damage is detected or not."

Initially this support is being used around USB-C replaceable connectors to indicate if those ports are damaged.

> Linux Exposing Support For Lenovo ThinkPads Being Able To Detect Hardware Damage

Linux maintainers attending the Linux Kernel Maintainers Summit have said that Rust in the Linux kernel should no longer be treated as experimental, but rather as a core part of the kernel.

In practical terms, the change to Rust in the kernel no longer being experimental is simply a matter of removing "The Rust experiment" section of the kernel's documentation.

> Rust For Linux No Longer Experimental

Oracle has released bpftune version 0.4-1, an eBPF-based tool for automated Linux kernel tuning, enhancing efficiency by dynamically adjusting parameters like network congestion and memory settings. Updates include improved documentation and edge-case handling. This open-source daemon promises performance gains in cloud environments, democratizing advanced system optimization.

> Oracle Releases bpftune 0.4-1: eBPF Tool for Automated Linux Kernel Tuning

[tomek@vz]

Longtime Red Hat engineer Hans de Goede who worked on many Intel/AMD laptop enhancements over the years left Red Hat and ended up joining Qualcomm. Now it turns out one of his projects at Qualcomm is enhancing the Fedora Linux support for running nicely out-of-the-box on Snapdragon-powered Windows on ARM laptops.
Hans de Goede filed a change proposal for providing automatic DTB selection on AArch64 EFI systems. The change proposal still needs to be voted on by FESCo but given it's rather straight-forward, it will presumably fly without objections.

> Fedora 44 Could Work Nicely "Out Of The Box" On Snapdragon-Powered Windows ARM Laptops

[tomek@vz]

Nije dugo trebalo

Longtime Linux developer Greg Kroah-Hartman announced that the Linux kernel has received its first CVE tied to Rust code. Phoronix reports:

---

Flatpak 1.16.2 was released today as the latest stable version of this popular Linux application sandboxing and distribution framework and the first maintenance update to the Flatpak 1.16 series.

Coming more than seven months after Flatpak 1.16.1, the Flatpak 1.16.2 update is here to enable the Video Acceleration API (VA-API) extension for Intel Xe GPUs, support the “reinstall” option on bundle installations, allow cancellation for cURL downloads, and support for using sudo for changing the user.

> Flatpak 1.16.2 Linux App Sandboxing Framework Enables VA-API for Intel Xe GPUs

[tomek@vz]

Containers are the universal path to production for most developers, and Docker has always been the steward of the ecosystem. Docker Hub has over 20 billion monthly pulls, with nearly 90% of organizations now relying on containers in their software delivery workflows. That gives us a responsibility: to help secure the software supply chain for the world.

Why? Supply-chain attacks are exploding. In 2025, they caused more than $60 billion in damage, tripling from 2021. No one is safe. Every language, every ecosystem, every build and distribution step is a target.

For this reason, we launched Docker Hardened Images (DHI), a secure, minimal, production-ready set of images, in May 2025, and since then have hardened over 1,000 images and helm charts in our catalog. Today, we are establishing a new industry standard by making DHI freely available and open source to everyone who builds software. All 26 Million+ developers in the container ecosystem. DHI is fully open and free to use, share, and build on with no licensing surprises, backed by an Apache 2.0 license. DHI now gives the world a secure, minimal, production-ready foundation from the very first pull.

> A Safer Container Ecosystem with Docker: Free Docker Hardened Images

[tomek@vz]

Systemd 259 is out as the newest feature release for this widely-used Linux init system and service manager. Yes, there are more features in tow for this systemd release to top off 2025.

Release highlights of systemd 259 include:

• - There is now experimental support for using musl libc as an alternative to the GNU C Library (glibc).
  
• - systemd's service manager Varlink IPC implementation has been extended and exposes a lot more capabilities now.
  
• - New OOMKills and ManagedOOMKills properties exposed to systemd service units to count the number of process kills made by the kernel or systemd-oomd.
  
• - systemd-udevd and systemd-repart will re-read partition tables on block devices in a more graceful and incremental manner.
  
• - systemd-boot now supports log levels.
  
• - Linux audit support, PAM support, libacl, libblkid, libseccomp, libselinux, and libmount all now have their support implemented via dlopen() rather than regular dynamic linking to help reduce the footprint within containers.
  
• - systemd-modules-load will now load configured kernel modules in parallel.
  
• - systemd-integrity-setup now supports HMAC-SHA256, PHMAC-SHA256, and PHMAC-SHA512.
  
• - systemd's run0 gained a "--empower" switch to invoke a new session with elevated privileges without switching to the root user.
  
• - The default storage mode for the systemd journal is now "persistent" rather than "auto".
  
• - systemd-boot and systemd-stub support for TPM 1.2 is now removed with focusing on only TPM 2.0 due to better security

.

> Systemd 259 Released With Experimental Musl libc Support, More Features

Since receiving the Gigabyte R284-A92-AAL1 a while back as a Xeon 6900 series 2U server platform to replace the failed Intel AvenueCity reference server, I have been getting caught-up in fresh Xeon 6980P Granite Rapids benchmarks with the latest software updates over the past year. I've provided fresh looks at the DDR5-6400 vs. MRDIMM-8800 performance, the AMX benefits for AI, SNC3 vs. HEX mode, Latency Optimized Mode, Cache Aware Scheduling, and more with the fresh Linux software stack and this production Gigabyte server platform. One of the areas I have been meaning to re-visit is a fresh head-to-head benchmark battle between 5th Gen AMD EPYC "Turin" and Intel Xeon 6 "Granite Rapids". In this article is a 128-core showdown between the Xeon 6980P and EPYC 9755 128-core processors with the latest open-source Linux software as of the end of 2025.

> Intel Xeon 6980P vs. AMD EPYC 9755 128-Core Showdown With The Latest Linux Software For EOY2025