[The Exiled]

Moram priznati da nisam skroz siguran koliko je pametno pisati, odnosno reći nešto na temu prelaska na Linux kao glavni (svakodnevni) operativni sustav, ali obzirom da smo pri samom kraju aktualne godine, IMHO nekako se čini sasvim prikladno u nekoliko riječi i rečenica osvrnuti se koliko je taj prelazak na Linux uopće izvediv, moguć i(li) poželjan. Nažalost i dalje postoje situacije u kojima krajnji korisnici za njihovu svrhu i potrebu, bilo iz softverskog, bilo iz hardverskog pogleda, nisu u mogućnosti napustiti Windows OS, jer u Linux svijetu jednostavno ne postoje adekvatne zamjene, podrške i alternative, ali možda se i u tim slučajevima stvari općenito poboljšaju, posebice kad se u obzir uzme koliko se Microsoft aktivno trudi pogoršati Windows sustav.

Za potrebe testiranja prelaska na Linux iskoristil sam jednu od svojih konfiguracija (detalji u nastavku) koja se donedavno veselo vrtjela na Windows 11 Pro 25H2 sustavu s pripadajućim sistemskim zakrpama i popratnim driverima iz aktualnog mjeseca prosinca. Kao zamjenu za WIndows OS, odabran je LMDE 7 (Linux Mint Debian Edition) koji dolazi baziran na Linux 6.12.xx kernelu, te je u tom izdanju bez ikakvih problema prepoznat sav hardver i popratna periferija. Kasnije sam za svaki slučaj (ručnom instalacijom) dodatno provjeril kakva je situacija s novijim 6.16.xx i 6.18.xx kernelima, te je i u tim slučajevima sve s hardverske strane prepoznato kako spada.

Diskovi koji su se cijelo vrijeme godinama koristili na Windows OS-u, prilikom prelaska na Linux, odnosno prilikom LMDE 7 instalacije, ostavljeni su u svojim orginalnim NTFS izdanjima, uključujući i sam Windows 11 Pro 25H2 SSD, tako da taj dio priče što je više moguće ostane u 1:1 režimu. AMD Ryzen 9 7950X CPU je još od prvog dana kroz BIOS podešen na Tjmax 75°C, 105W TDP i 142W PPT postavke, ali sam za potrebe testiranja provjeril i tzv. ECO mode, tj. Tjmax 75°C, 65W TDP i 88W PPT postavke, makar konkretno nemam nikakve koristi od toga, sve je i dalje (prilikom 100%-tnog opterećenja) funkcioniralo bez problema uz tak jasno nešto niže radne taktove.

Što se GPU-a tiče, RDNA 2 iGPU i RX 9070 XT standardno koriste open-source AMDGPU kernel driver, dok se uz pomoć LACT i NVTOP alata dodatno proširuju funkcionalnosti i monitoring po uzoru na onaj u Radeon Adrenalin softverskom paketu. Steam i Lutris su naravno dostupni kroz Linux Mint Software Manager, tj. kao i u većini popularnih Linux distribucija, tako da u tom pogledu ostatak ovisi o kojim igrama je riječ i da li su na ovaj ili onaj način podržane.

CPU i GPU zapravo uopće nisu bili (toliko) upitni za razliku od virtualnih mašina koje se godinama veselo kotrljaju, počevši orginalno s Hyper-V instancom koja se inicijalno vrtjela na Ryzen 5 1600 + B350 + 32GB DDR4-2400 platformi. Kasnije sam Hyper-V zamijenil s VMware Workstation rješenjem, da bi naposljetku sve skupa prebacil na VirtualBox i tako je ostalo do danas. VirtualBox 7.2.4 je baš kao i na Windows OS-u (is)korišten za sveukupno dvadesetak virtualnih mašina koje su se bez nekih većih peripetija importirale i uspješno pokrenule sa svojih orginalnih diskova, odnosno lokacija, tako da je na ovaj način (u mojem slučaju) pokrivena glavna stavka.

Neovisno o kakvoj multimediji je riječ, sve se uredno reproduciralo kroz aplikacije koje su ili sastavni dio Linux Minta ili su pak dostupne kroz službeni repozitorij, odnosno prije spomenuti Software Manager. Za sve koji koriste odličan Equalizer APO direktna zamjena je Easy Effects koji između ostalog nudi i importiranje postojećih Equalizer APO postavki. Everything Search pak svoju zamjenu ima u vidu FSearch rješenja tako da i u tom slučaju niste zakinuti za sve mogućnosti brzog indeksiranja i pretraživanja, U kontekstu 3D printera, Prusa općenito ima svoj dio dosta dobro posložen po pitanju open-source angažmana, tako da je njihov PrusaSlicer dostupan kao zaseban instalacijski paket ili kroz
repozitorij, ovisno koja verzija je u tom trenutku aktualna, pa su sve opcije i mogućnosti podjednake na Windows i Linux okruženjima.

Wi-Fi i Bluetooth USB adapteri također nisu bili problematični, tim više, jer se radi o ništa posebno generičkim TP-Link i Realtek izdanjima, ali u ovih par tjedana koliko je sve zajedno u pogonu - nije bilo nekih prekida, raskida i općenitog odbijanja suradnje, tako da je popratna periferija i više nego zadovoljna. Ipak, jedna od rijetkih stvari koja nije bila nativno podržana na nivou samog operativnog sustava, je mogućnost podešavanja različitih pozadina (wallpapera) ukoliko je riječ o dual ili multi-monitor setupu, tako da sam moral posegnuti za HydraPaper alatom (koji je također dostupan kroz Software Manager), ali za razliku od Windows OS-a, Linux Mint trenutno i nativno ne nudi te mogućnosti. Iako sam ostale konfiguracije u samom startu posložil da se vrte isključivo na Linuxu, jedino je ova bila s Windows OS opcijom, makar po svemu sudeći realno nemam potrebu za Microsoft zavrzlamama.

• AMD Ryzen 9 7950X
• Noctua NH-U12A chromax.black
• MSI MAG B650 Tomahawk Wi-Fi
• 192GB Crucial Pro DDR5-5200
• Crucial MX300 275GB/P1 500GB/T500 2TB + 22TB WD Red
• PowerColor Reaper RX 9070 XT 16GB GDDR6
• Dell P3223QE + SE2723DS
• Seasonic Vertex GX-850 + APC Back-UPS BE850G2-GR
• Fractal Design Define R5 Blackout

mcg@lmde-ws:~$ glxinfo | grep OpenGL
OpenGL vendor string: AMD
OpenGL renderer string: AMD Radeon Graphics (radeonsi, gfx1201, ACO, DRM 3.64, 6.16.4-061604-generic)
OpenGL core profile version string: 4.6 (Core Profile) Mesa 25.0.7-2
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 4.60
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile
OpenGL core profile extensions:
OpenGL version string: 4.6 (Compatibility Profile) Mesa 25.0.7-2
OpenGL shading language version string: 4.60
OpenGL context flags: (none)
OpenGL profile mask: compatibility profile
OpenGL extensions:
OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.2 Mesa 25.0.7-2
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.20

mcg@lmde-ws:~$ lscpu
Architecture:                x86_64
  CPU op-mode(s):            32-bit, 64-bit
  Address sizes:             48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
  Byte Order:                Little Endian
CPU(s):                      32
  On-line CPU(s) list:       0-31
Vendor ID:                   AuthenticAMD
  Model name:                AMD Ryzen 9 7950X 16-Core Processor
    CPU family:              25
    Model:                   97
    Thread(s) per core:      2
    Core(s) per socket:      16
    Socket(s):               1
    Stepping:                2
    Frequency boost:         enabled
    CPU(s) scaling MHz:      69%
    CPU max MHz:             5883.1968
    CPU min MHz:             425.2920
    BogoMIPS:                8999.89
    Flags:                   fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse
                             2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good amd_lbr_v2 nopl xtopolog
                             y nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid aperfmperf rapl pni pclmulqdq monitor ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4
                             _2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a mi
                             salignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt tce topoext perfctr_core perfctr_nb bpext perfctr_ll
                             c mwaitx cpb cat_l3 cdp_l3 hw_pstate ssbd mba perfmon_v2 ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced vmmcall f
                             sgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid cqm rdt_a avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512ifma c
                             lflushopt clwb avx512cd sha_ni avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves cqm_llc cqm_occu
                             p_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local user_shstk avx512_bf16 clzero irperf xsaveerptr rdpru wbnoinvd
                              cppc arat npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilte
                             r pfthreshold avic vgif x2avic v_spec_ctrl vnmi avx512vbmi umip pku ospke avx512_vbmi2 gfni vaes
                              vpclmulqdq avx512_vnni avx512_bitalg avx512_vpopcntdq rdpid overflow_recov succor smca fsrm flu
                             sh_l1d amd_lbr_pmc_freeze
Virtualization features:     
  Virtualization:            AMD-V
Caches (sum of all):         
  L1d:                       512 KiB (16 instances)
  L1i:                       512 KiB (16 instances)
  L2:                        16 MiB (16 instances)
  L3:                        64 MiB (2 instances)
NUMA:                        
  NUMA node(s):              1
  NUMA node0 CPU(s):         0-31
Vulnerabilities:             
  Gather data sampling:      Not affected
  Ghostwrite:                Not affected
  Indirect target selection: Not affected
  Itlb multihit:             Not affected
  L1tf:                      Not affected
  Mds:                       Not affected
  Meltdown:                  Not affected
  Mmio stale data:           Not affected
  Old microcode:             Not affected
  Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
  Retbleed:                  Not affected
  Spec rstack overflow:      Mitigation; Safe RET
  Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
  Spectre v1:                Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
  Spectre v2:                Mitigation; Enhanced / Automatic IBRS; IBPB conditional; STIBP always-on; PBRSB-eIBRS Not affect
                             ed; BHI Not affected
  Srbds:                     Not affected
  Tsa:                       Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers
  Tsx async abort:           Not affected

mcg@lmde-ws:~$ cpupower frequency-info
analyzing CPU 9:
  driver: amd-pstate-epp
  CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 9
  CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 9
  maximum transition latency:  Cannot determine or is not supported.
  hardware limits: 425 MHz - 5.88 GHz
  available cpufreq governors: performance powersave
  current policy: frequency should be within 3.01 GHz and 5.88 GHz.
                  The governor "powersave" may decide which speed to use
                  within this range.
  current CPU frequency: Unable to call hardware
  current CPU frequency: 3.01 GHz (asserted by call to kernel)
  boost state support:
    Supported: yes
    Active: yes
    AMD PSTATE Highest Performance: 166. Maximum Frequency: 5.88 GHz.
    AMD PSTATE Nominal Performance: 127. Nominal Frequency: 4.50 GHz.
    AMD PSTATE Lowest Non-linear Performance: 85. Lowest Non-linear Frequency: 3.01 GHz.
    AMD PSTATE Lowest Performance: 12. Lowest Frequency: 545 MHz.

mcg@lmde-ws:~$ lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Root Complex
00:00.2 IOMMU: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge IOMMU
00:01.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Dummy Host Bridge
00:01.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge GPP Bridge
00:01.2 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge GPP Bridge
00:02.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Dummy Host Bridge
00:02.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge GPP Bridge
00:02.2 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge GPP Bridge
00:03.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Dummy Host Bridge
00:04.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Dummy Host Bridge
00:08.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Dummy Host Bridge
00:08.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Internal GPP Bridge to Bus [C:A]
00:08.3 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Internal GPP Bridge to Bus [C:A]
00:14.0 SMBus: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SMBus Controller (rev 71)
00:14.3 ISA bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH LPC Bridge (rev 51)
00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Data Fabric; Function 0
00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Data Fabric; Function 1
00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Data Fabric; Function 2
00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Data Fabric; Function 3
00:18.4 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Data Fabric; Function 4
00:18.5 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Data Fabric; Function 5
00:18.6 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Data Fabric; Function 6
00:18.7 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Data Fabric; Function 7
01:00.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Navi 10 XL Upstream Port of PCI Express Switch (rev 24)
02:00.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Navi 10 XL Downstream Port of PCI Express Switch (rev 24)
03:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Navi 48 [RX 9070/9070 XT] (rev c0)
03:00.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Navi 48 HDMI/DP Audio Controller
04:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Micron/Crucial Technology P1 NVMe PCIe SSD[Frampton] (rev 03)
05:00.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Upstream Port (rev 01)
06:00.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port (rev 01)
06:04.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port (rev 01)
06:05.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port (rev 01)
06:06.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port (rev 01)
06:07.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port (rev 01)
06:08.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port (rev 01)
06:09.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port (rev 01)
06:0c.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port (rev 01)
06:0d.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port (rev 01)
0c:00.0 SATA controller: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1061/ASM1062 Serial ATA Controller (rev 02)
0e:00.0 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset USB 3.2 Controller (rev 01)
0f:00.0 SATA controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset SATA Controller (rev 01)
10:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Micron/Crucial Technology T500 NVMe PCIe SSD (rev 01)
11:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Raphael (rev c1)
11:00.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Radeon High Definition Audio Controller [Rembrandt/Strix]
11:00.2 Encryption controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 19h PSP/CCP
11:00.3 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge USB 3.1 xHCI
11:00.4 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge USB 3.1 xHCI
11:00.6 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h/19h/1ah HD Audio Controller
12:00.0 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge USB 2.0 xHCI

mcg@lmde-ws:~$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 2357:0604 TP-Link TP-Link UB500 Adapter
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 174c:2074 ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1074 High-Speed hub
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 046d:c53f Logitech, Inc. USB Receiver
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 1462:7d75 Micro Star International MYSTIC LIGHT 
Bus 001 Device 007: ID 05e3:0608 Genesys Logic, Inc. Hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 174c:3074 ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1074 SuperSpeed hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 005 Device 002: ID 0bda:8179 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8188EUS 802.11n Wireless Network Adapter
Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 008 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub