Sve bitno o LCD monitorima!

[Caligula]

Obavezno pogledati ovu stranicu za saznati sve o LCD tehnologiji.

http://www.tftcentral.co.uk/specs.htm


Evo primjera objašnjenja tipova panela:

Panel Type


There are 3 main types of panel technology widely used in the TFT market. Their implementation is dependent on the panel size mostly as they vary in production costs and in performance.

TN film (Twisted Nematic) panels where the first panels to be used and are still widely implemented in many TFT’s today, especially mid to low end screens. This is due to the low manufacturing costs of TN panels. However, they are not always very good at displaying blacks and also there is a problem with pixels dying and becoming a bright colour rather than just completely going out (black). The main restriction of TN film panels is that they have restrictive viewing angles of up to about 140 horizontal. Vertical viewing angles are very poor generally. TN film panel traditionally offer the fastest pixel response times, and with the implementation of "overdrive" technologies, the grey to grey transitions are becoming even faster.

IPS (In Plane Switching) was introduced to try and improve on some of these drawbacks. It was developed by Hitachi and was dubbed “super TFT”. They improved on viewing angles up to about 170H. This was done by controlling liquid crystal alignment slightly differently, but unfortunately, can affect response rate of the pixels. As such they are not as good for gaming as TN panels. They didn’t make any improvements on black reproduction really either, but dead pixels only show as black, not bright colours. IPS panels were later developed into Super-IPS (S-IPS) panels and production costs were lowered which has meant they have become more widely used. S-IPS offer perhaps the most accurate colour reproduction available in the TFT panel market, but response times and black levels remain inferior to those of VA technology.

VA (Vertical Alignment) panels are the third type used in modern TFT’s. The early VA panels have been scrapped due to poor viewing angles, and in their place came the MVA and PVA panels. These offer superior colour reproduction compared with TN film, but not quite as good as IPS / S-IPS. They do however have the advantage of being able to show good black levels and viewing angles are also very good . This is done by having all the colour elements of the panel split into cells or zones. These are formed by ridges on an internal surface of filters. The purpose of this design is to enable liquid crystals to move in opposite direction to their neighbours. It allows the observer to see the same shade of colour irrespective of a viewing angle. There have been improvements to the MVA (Multidomain VA) and PVA (Patterned VA) technologies, which has given birth to the Premium-MVA (P-MVA) and Super-PVA (S-PVA) technologies. More info on all of these can be found here.

With the implementation of overdrive features, panel manufacturers including AUO and Samsung have managed to lower response times of MVA and PVA panels significantly in order to make gaming more enjoyable. This has allowed these panels to even compete with TN film panels in terms of pixel response, at least across grey to grey transitions.


Advanced Super View (ASV) - This technology was developed by Sharp for use in some of their TFT displays. It consists of several improvements that Sharp claim to have made, mainly to counter the drawbacks of the popular TN Film technology.

They have introduced an Anti-Glare / Anti-Reflection (AGAR) screen coating which forms a quarter-wavelength filter. Incident light is reflected back from front and rear surfaces 180° out of phase, thus canceling reflection rather diffusing it as others do. As well as reducing glare and reflection from the screen, this is marketed as being able to offer deeper black levels. Sharp also claim to offer better contrast ratios than any competing technology (VA and IPS); but with more emphasis on improving these other technologies, this is probably not the case with more modern panels.

Ultra Wide Viewing Angles - Offering wide viewing angles of at least 170 in all directions. This is like VA and IPS technologies do, but Sharp claim that this doesn't impact response time as much as other technologies do. This is achieved thanks to a specially designed cell structure, which supposedly offers blur free images on moving video. It is interesting to note that Sharp's description of this technology doesn't mention gaming, only that fast moving movies are fine with their ASV displays. There are very few ASV monitors around really, with the majority of the market being dominated by TN, VA and IPS panels.



Advanced Fringe Field Switching (AFFS) - This technology was developed by BOE Hydis, and is not really very widely used in the desktop TFT market, more in the mobile and tablet sections. It is worth mentioning however in case you come across displays using this technology. It was developed by BOE Hydis to offer improved brightness and viewing angles to their display panels and claims to be able to offer a full 180 / 180 viewing angle field as well as improved colours. This is basically just an advancements from IPS and is still based on In Plane technology. They claim to "modify pixels" to improve response times and viewing angles thanks to improved alignment. They have also optimised the use of the electrode surface (fringe field effect), removed shadowed are between pixels, horizontally aligned electric fields and replaced metal electrodes with transparent ones.